ABSTRACT We have recently shown that the catecholamine dopamine regulates cellular iron homeostasis in macrophages.As iron is an essential nutrient for microbes, and intracellular iron availability affects the growth of intracellular bacteria, we studied whether dopamine administration impacts the course of Salmonella infections.Dopamine was found

Horizontal gene transfer and recombination occur across many groups of viruses and play key roles in important viral processes such as host-range expansion and immune-system avoidance.To have any predictive power regarding the ability of viruses to readily recombine, we must determine the extent to which epistasis restricts the success of recombina

This work presents one and two-dimensional numerical analyses using isotropic and anisotropic damage models for the concrete in order to discuss the advantages of these modeling.Initially, it is shortly described the damage model proposed by Mazars.This constitutive model assumes the concrete as isotropic and elastic material, where locally the dam

Antibiotic resistance represents a key challenge of the 21st century.Since the pipeline of new antibiotics in development is limited, the introduction of alternative antimicrobial strategies is urgently required.Bacteriophage therapy, the use of bacterial viruses to selectively kill bacterial pathogens, is re-emerging as a potential strategy to mic